IJAMBO RY'IBANZE
Abantu bageze kure kuva amashanyarazi avumburwa kugeza gukoreshwa cyane nk "amashanyarazi" n "ingufu z'amashanyarazi".Kimwe mubitangaje cyane ni "impaka zinzira" hagati ya AC na DC.Ba nyamwigendaho ni abanyabwenge babiri b'iki gihe, Edison na Tesla.Ariko, igishimishije nuko ukurikije abantu bashya kandi bashya mu kinyejana cya 21, iyi "mpaka" ntabwo yatsinzwe cyangwa ngo itakare.

Nubwo kuri ubu ibintu byose biva mumashanyarazi kugeza kuri sisitemu yo gutwara amashanyarazi mubusanzwe "guhinduranya amashanyarazi", umuyoboro utaziguye uri hose mubikoresho byinshi byamashanyarazi nibikoresho bya terefone.By'umwihariko, igisubizo cya "inzu yose DC" igisubizo cyamashanyarazi, cyatoneshejwe nabantu bose mumyaka yashize, gihuza tekinoroji yubuhanga bwa IoT hamwe nubwenge bwubuhanga kugirango bitange ingwate ikomeye yubuzima bwurugo ".Kurikiza Umuyoboro Wishyuza hepfo kugirango umenye byinshi kubyerekeye inzu yose DC.

INTANGIRIRO INYUMA

Direct Current (DC) murugo rwose ni sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ikoresha imbaraga zubu mumazu no mumazu.Igitekerezo cya "inzu yose DC" cyatanzwe mu rwego rwo kwerekana ko ibitagenda neza muri sisitemu gakondo ya AC byagaragaye cyane kandi igitekerezo cyo kurengera karuboni nkeya no kurengera ibidukikije cyarushijeho kwitabwaho.

SYSTEM YUBUCURUZI

Kugeza ubu, sisitemu yimbaraga zisanzwe kwisi ni sisitemu isimburana.Sisitemu isimburana ya sisitemu ni uburyo bwo guhererekanya ingufu no gukwirakwiza bikora bishingiye ku mpinduka zigenda zituruka ku mikoranire y’amashanyarazi na magneti.Dore intambwe zingenzi zuburyo sisitemu ya AC ikora:

Amashanyarazi: Intangiriro ya sisitemu yingufu ni generator.Imashini itanga ni igikoresho gihindura ingufu za mashini ingufu z'amashanyarazi.Ihame ryibanze nugukora ingufu za electromotive zikoreshwa mugukata insinga hamwe numurima wa magneti uzunguruka.Muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ya AC, ikoreshwa rya generator isanzwe ikoreshwa, kandi rotor zabo zikoreshwa ningufu za mashini (nkamazi, gaze, parike, nibindi) kugirango bibyare umurima wa rukuruzi.

Ibisekuru bigezweho: Umuzenguruko wa magnetiki uzunguruka muri generator utera impinduka mumbaraga zatewe na electromotive mumashanyarazi, bityo bikabyara insimburangingo.Inshuro zigenda zisimburana ni 50 Hz cyangwa 60 Hz kumasegonda, bitewe nuburinganire bwa sisitemu yingufu mu turere dutandukanye.

Transformer intambwe-up: Guhinduranya byanyuze muri transformateur mumashanyarazi.Transformator ni igikoresho gikoresha ihame rya electromagnetic induction kugirango uhindure voltage yumuriro w'amashanyarazi udahinduye inshuro zayo.Muburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi menshi ahinduranya amashanyarazi byoroshye kohereza mu ntera ndende kuko bigabanya gutakaza ingufu ziterwa no guhangana.

Kohereza no gukwirakwiza.Sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza ituma ihererekanyabubasha nogukoresha ingufu zamashanyarazi hagati yimikoreshereze itandukanye.

Porogaramu ya AC Imbaraga: Kurangiza-umukoresha wa nyuma, ingufu za AC zitangwa mumazu, ubucuruzi, nibikorwa byinganda.Aha hantu, guhinduranya amashanyarazi bikoreshwa mugutwara ibikoresho bitandukanye, birimo amatara, ubushyuhe bwamashanyarazi, moteri yamashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, nibindi byinshi.

Muri rusange, amashanyarazi ya AC yabaye rusange mumpera yikinyejana gishize kubera ibyiza byinshi nka sisitemu ihamye kandi ishobora kugenzurwa na sisitemu igezweho no gutakaza ingufu nke kumurongo.Ariko, hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nubuhanga, ikibazo cyingufu zingufu za sisitemu ya AC power cyabaye gikaze.Iterambere rya sisitemu yamashanyarazi ryatumye iterambere ryikurikiranya ryibikoresho byinshi byamashanyarazi nkibikosora (guhindura ingufu za AC imbaraga za DC) na inverters (guhindura ingufu za DC mumashanyarazi ya AC).yavutse.Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yo guhinduranya indangagaciro nazo zinjiye mu cyiciro gisobanutse neza, kandi umuvuduko wo guca ingufu za DC ntabwo uri munsi yuwamena amashanyarazi.

Ibi bituma amakosa menshi ya sisitemu ya DC azimira buhoro buhoro, kandi fondasiyo ya tekinike yinzu yose DC irahari.

ENVIROMENTALLY INCUTI KANDI HAKURIKIRA-CARBON

Mu myaka yashize, hagaragaye ibibazo by’ikirere ku isi, cyane cyane ingaruka z’ibidukikije, ibibazo byo kurengera ibidukikije byitabiriwe cyane.Kubera ko inzu yose DC ihuza neza na sisitemu y’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, ifite ibyiza cyane mu kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya.Biragenda rero birushaho kwitabwaho.

Byongeye kandi, sisitemu ya DC irashobora kuzigama ibintu byinshi nibikoresho bitewe nuburyo bwayo bwumuzunguruko "butaziguye-bwerekeza", kandi binahuza cyane nigitekerezo cya "karuboni nkeya kandi yangiza ibidukikije".

ICYEMEZO CYOSE-INZU

Intandaro yo gukoresha inzu yose DC ni ugusaba no kuzamura ubwenge bwinzu yose.Muyandi magambo, ikoreshwa ryimbere muri sisitemu ya DC ahanini rishingiye ku bwenge, kandi ni inzira yingenzi yo guha imbaraga "ubwenge bwinzu yose".

Urugo rwa Smart ruvuga guhuza ibikoresho bitandukanye byo murugo, ibikoresho na sisitemu binyuze mubuhanga buhanitse hamwe na sisitemu yubwenge kugirango ugere ku kugenzura hagati, kwikora no kugenzura kure, bityo bikazamura ibyoroshye, ihumure nubuzima bwurugo.Umutekano ningufu.

FUNDAMENTAL

Amahame yo gushyira mubikorwa sisitemu yubwenge yinzu yose ikubiyemo ibintu byinshi byingenzi, harimo tekinoroji ya sensor, ibikoresho byubwenge, itumanaho ryurusobe, algorithms yubwenge na sisitemu yo kugenzura, interineti y'abakoresha, umutekano no kurinda ubuzima bwite, hamwe no kuvugurura software no kuyitaho.Izi ngingo zaganiriweho ku buryo burambuye hepfo.

Ikoranabuhanga rya Sensor

Ishimikiro rya sisitemu yubwenge yose ni sisitemu zitandukanye zikoreshwa mugukurikirana ibidukikije murugo mugihe nyacyo.Ibyuma byangiza ibidukikije birimo ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, urumuri, hamwe nubuziranenge bwikirere kugirango wumve imiterere yimbere.Ibyuma byerekana ibyerekezo n'inzugi hamwe nidirishya rukuruzi ya rukuruzi ikoreshwa mugutahura urujya n'uruza rw'abantu n'inzugi hamwe nidirishya, bitanga amakuru yibanze kumutekano no kwikora.Ibyuma byumwotsi na gaze bikoreshwa mugukurikirana umuriro na gaze zangiza kugirango umutekano wurugo urusheho kuba mwiza.

Igikoresho cyubwenge

Ibikoresho bitandukanye byubwenge bigize intandaro yinzu yose ya sisitemu yubwenge.Amatara yubwenge, ibikoresho byo murugo, gufunga umuryango, na kamera byose bifite imikorere ishobora kugenzurwa kure binyuze kuri enterineti.Ibi bikoresho bihujwe numuyoboro uhuriweho hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga ryitumanaho ridafite umugozi (nka Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee), bituma abakoresha kugenzura no kugenzura ibikoresho byo murugo binyuze kuri interineti igihe icyo ari cyo cyose n'ahantu hose.

Itumanaho

Ibikoresho bya sisitemu yubwenge yose ihujwe binyuze kuri interineti kugirango ibe urusobe rwibinyabuzima bifite ubwenge.Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ryemeza ko ibikoresho bishobora gukorana hamwe mugihe bitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kugenzura kure.Binyuze muri serivisi zicu, abakoresha barashobora kugera kure sisitemu yo murugo kugirango bakurikirane kandi bagenzure kure ibikoresho byimiterere.

Ubwenge bwa algorithms na sisitemu yo kugenzura

Ukoresheje ubwenge bwubukorikori hamwe no kwiga imashini algorithms, sisitemu yubwenge yose irashobora gusesengura neza no gutunganya amakuru yakusanyijwe na sensor.Iyi algorithms ituma sisitemu yiga ingeso zabakoresha, ihita ihindura imikorere yiki gikoresho, kandi igere kubyemezo byubwenge no kugenzura.Igenamigambi ryimirimo iteganijwe hamwe na trigger imiterere ituma sisitemu ihita ikora imirimo mubihe byihariye no kunoza urwego rwimikorere ya sisitemu.

Umukoresha Imigaragarire

Kugirango yemere abayikoresha gukoresha sisitemu yubwenge yinzu yose byoroshye, haratangwa interineti zitandukanye zabakoresha, harimo porogaramu zigendanwa, tableti cyangwa interineti ya mudasobwa.Binyuze kuri interineti, abakoresha barashobora kugenzura no kugenzura ibikoresho byo murugo kure.Mubyongeyeho, kugenzura amajwi byemerera abakoresha kugenzura ibikoresho byubwenge binyuze mumabwiriza yijwi binyuze mugukoresha abafasha amajwi.

INYUNGU Z'INZU-URUGO DC

Hariho ibyiza byinshi byo gushyira sisitemu ya DC mumazu, ishobora kuvunagurwa mubice bitatu: uburyo bwiza bwo kohereza ingufu, guhuza ingufu nyinshi zishobora kongera ingufu, hamwe nibikoresho bihuza neza.

INGARUKA

Mbere ya byose, mumuzunguruko wimbere, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bikoreshwa akenshi bifite voltage nkeya, kandi ingufu za DC ntizisaba guhinduranya voltage kenshi.Kugabanya ikoreshwa rya transformateur birashobora kugabanya neza gutakaza ingufu.

Icya kabiri, gutakaza insinga nuyobora mugihe cyohereza ingufu za DC ni bike.Kuberako igihombo cyo kurwanya DC kidahinduka hamwe nicyerekezo cyubu, kirashobora kugenzurwa no kugabanuka neza.Ibi bifasha ingufu za DC kwerekana ingufu zingirakamaro mubintu bimwe na bimwe, nko kohereza amashanyarazi maremare hamwe na sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi.

Hanyuma, hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, hashyizweho uburyo bushya bwa elegitoronike na tekinoroji yo guhindura uburyo bwo kongera ingufu za sisitemu ya DC.Guhindura ibikoresho bya elegitoronike neza birashobora kugabanya igihombo cyo guhindura ingufu no kurushaho kunoza ingufu rusange za sisitemu ya DC.

INTEGRATION YASUBUKUWE

Muri sisitemu yubwenge yose, ingufu zishobora nanone kwinjizwa kandi zigahinduka ingufu zamashanyarazi.Ibi ntibishobora gushyira mubikorwa igitekerezo cyo kurengera ibidukikije gusa, ahubwo birashobora no gukoresha byimazeyo imiterere numwanya winzu kugirango ingufu zitangwe.Ibinyuranye, sisitemu ya DC yoroshye guhuza hamwe ningufu zishobora kongera ingufu nkizuba ryizuba ningufu zumuyaga.

GUHUZA URWEGO

Sisitemu ya DC ifite guhuza neza nibikoresho byamashanyarazi murugo.Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho byinshi nkamatara ya LED, ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikonjesha, nibindi ubwabyo ni DC.Ibi bivuze ko amashanyarazi ya DC yoroshye kugera kubigenzura no kuyobora.Binyuze mu buhanga bugezweho bwa elegitoronike, imikorere yibikoresho bya DC irashobora kugenzurwa neza kandi gucunga ingufu byubwenge birashobora kugerwaho.

AKARERE KA GUSHYIRA MU BIKORWA

Ibyiza byinshi bya sisitemu ya DC tumaze kuvuga birashobora kugaragara neza mubice bimwe byihariye.Utu turere ni ibidukikije byo mu nzu, niyo mpamvu inzu yose DC ishobora kumurika mubice byimbere byimbere.

KUBAKA KUBA

Mu nyubako zo guturamo, sisitemu ya DC yose irashobora gutanga ingufu zingirakamaro kubintu byinshi byamashanyarazi.Sisitemu yo kumurika nigice cyingenzi cyo gusaba.Sisitemu yo kumurika LED ikoreshwa na DC irashobora kugabanya igihombo cyo guhindura ingufu no kuzamura ingufu.

Mubyongeyeho, ingufu za DC zirashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki murugo, nka mudasobwa, charger za terefone igendanwa, nibindi. Ibi bikoresho ubwabyo nibikoresho bya DC bidafite izindi ntambwe zo guhindura ingufu.

KUBAKA UBUCURUZI

Ibiro hamwe nubucuruzi mububiko bwubucuruzi birashobora kandi kungukirwa na sisitemu ya DC yose.Amashanyarazi ya DC kubikoresho byo mu biro hamwe na sisitemu yo kumurika bifasha kuzamura ingufu no kugabanya imyanda yingufu.

Ibikoresho bimwe byubucuruzi nibikoresho cyane cyane bisaba ingufu za DC, birashobora kandi gukora neza, bityo bikazamura ingufu rusange zinyubako zubucuruzi.

GUSHYIRA MU BIKORWA

Mu nganda, sisitemu ya DC yose irashobora gukoreshwa mubikoresho byumurongo wamahugurwa hamwe n’amahugurwa y’amashanyarazi.Ibikoresho bimwe byinganda bikoresha ingufu za DC.Gukoresha ingufu za DC birashobora guteza imbere ingufu no kugabanya imyanda yingufu.Ibi bigaragara cyane mugukoresha ibikoresho byamashanyarazi nibikoresho byamahugurwa.

AMASHANYARAZI Y’AMASHANYARAZI N'UBURYO BWO KUBONA ENERGY

Mu rwego rwo gutwara abantu, sisitemu y’amashanyarazi ya DC irashobora gukoreshwa mu kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi kugirango bongere imikorere.Byongeye kandi, sisitemu ya DC yose irashobora kandi kwinjizwa muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri kugirango ingo zibone ibisubizo bibika neza kandi birusheho kunoza ingufu.

IKORANABUHANGA RY'AMAKURU NO GUSHYIKIRANA

Mu rwego rwikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n’itumanaho, ibigo byamakuru hamwe n’itumanaho fatizo ni uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha sisitemu ya DC yose.Kubera ko ibikoresho byinshi na seriveri mubigo byamakuru bikoresha imbaraga za DC, sisitemu ya DC ifasha kunoza imikorere yikigo cyose.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, sitasiyo y'itumanaho n'ibikoresho birashobora kandi gukoresha ingufu za DC mu kuzamura ingufu za sisitemu no kugabanya gushingira kuri sisitemu gakondo.

BURUNDU-INZU DC SYSTEM ZIKURIKIRA

Nigute sisitemu ya DC yose yubatswe?Muri make, inzu ya DC yose irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bine: Inkomoko yamashanyarazi ya DC, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zumugezi, sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, nibikoresho byamashanyarazi.

DC IMBARAGA Z'UBUBASHA

Muri sisitemu ya DC, aho itangirira ni isoko ya DC.Bitandukanye na sisitemu gakondo ya AC, inkomoko ya DC kumurugo wose muri rusange ntabwo yishingikiriza rwose kuri inverter kugirango ihindure ingufu za AC mumashanyarazi ya DC, ahubwo izahitamo ingufu zidasanzwe zishobora kuvugururwa.Nkingufu zonyine cyangwa zambere zitanga ingufu.

Kurugero, igice cyizuba cyizuba kizashyirwa kurukuta rwinyuma rwinyubako.Umucyo uzahindurwa imbaraga za DC na panne, hanyuma ubike muri sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ya DC, cyangwa uzoherezwa muburyo butaziguye ibikoresho bya terefone;irashobora kandi gushirwa kurukuta rwinyuma rwinyubako cyangwa icyumba.Wubake turbine ntoya hejuru hanyuma uyihindure mumashanyarazi ataziguye.Imbaraga z'umuyaga hamwe nizuba ryizuba nisoko nyamukuru DC itanga ingufu.Hashobora kubaho abandi mugihe kizaza, ariko bose basaba abahindura kugirango babahindure imbaraga za DC.

DC SYSTEM YUBUBASHA BWA ENERGY

Muri rusange, ingufu za DC zitangwa namashanyarazi ya DC ntizoherezwa mubikoresho byanyuma, ahubwo bizabikwa muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za DC.Mugihe ibikoresho bikeneye amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi azasohoka muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za DC.Tanga ingufu mu nzu.

Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za DC ni nkikigega, cyakira ingufu zamashanyarazi zahinduwe ziva mumashanyarazi ya DC kandi zigakomeza gutanga ingufu zamashanyarazi mubikoresho byanyuma.Twabibutsa ko kuva DC yoherejwe hagati yimbaraga za DC na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za DC, irashobora kugabanya ikoreshwa rya inverter hamwe nibikoresho byinshi, bitagabanya gusa ikiguzi cyibishushanyo mbonera, ahubwo binatezimbere ituze rya sisitemu. .

Kubwibyo, inzu yose yo kubika ingufu za DC yegereye module yo kwishyuza DC yimodoka nshya yingufu kuruta "DC ifatanije nizuba".

Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo kiri hejuru, gakondo "DC ifatanije n’izuba" ikeneye kohereza amashanyarazi kuri gride y'amashanyarazi, bityo ikaba ifite modules zindi zitanga imirasire y'izuba, mugihe "DC ifatanije nizuba" hamwe n'inzu yose DC idasaba inverter na booster.Guhindura nibindi bikoresho, gukora neza ningufu.

DC SYSTEM YO GUTANDUKANYA IMBARAGA

Umutima wa sisitemu yose ya DC ni gahunda yo gukwirakwiza DC, igira uruhare runini murugo, inyubako cyangwa ikindi kigo.Sisitemu ishinzwe gukwirakwiza ingufu ziva mumasoko kubikoresho bitandukanye bya terefone, kugera kumashanyarazi mubice byose byinzu.

INGARUKA

Ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu: Sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza ingufu za DC ishinzwe gukwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi zituruka ku masoko y'ingufu (nk'imirasire y'izuba, uburyo bwo kubika ingufu, n'ibindi) ku bikoresho bitandukanye by'amashanyarazi mu rugo, birimo amatara, ibikoresho, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, n'ibindi.

Kunoza ingufu zingufu: Binyuze mu gukwirakwiza ingufu za DC, igihombo cyo guhindura ingufu kirashobora kugabanuka, bityo bikazamura ingufu za sisitemu yose.Cyane cyane iyo ihujwe nibikoresho bya DC hamwe nimbaraga zishobora kongera ingufu, ingufu zamashanyarazi zirashobora gukoreshwa neza.

Shyigikira ibikoresho bya DC: Imwe mu mfunguzo za sisitemu ya DC yose ni ugushyigikira amashanyarazi y'ibikoresho bya DC, wirinda gutakaza ingufu zo guhindura AC muri DC.

ITEGEKO

Ikwirakwizwa rya DC: Ikwirakwizwa rya DC nigikoresho cyingenzi gikwirakwiza ingufu ziva mumirasire yizuba hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu mumuzunguruko n'ibikoresho bitandukanye murugo.Harimo ibice nka DC yamashanyarazi na voltage stabilisateur kugirango habeho gukwirakwiza neza kandi kwizewe kwingufu zamashanyarazi.

Sisitemu yo kugenzura ubwenge: Kugirango tugere ku micungire yubwenge no kugenzura ingufu, sisitemu ya DC yose murugo isanzwe ifite sisitemu yo kugenzura ubwenge.Ibi birashobora kubamo ibintu nko gukurikirana ingufu, kugenzura kure no kugenzura ibintu byikora kugirango tunoze imikorere rusange ya sisitemu.

DC Ibisohoka na Switch: Kugirango ubashe guhuza nibikoresho bya DC, aho usohokera no guhinduranya murugo rwawe bigomba kuba byateguwe hamwe na DC ihuza.Ahantu hacururizwa harashobora gukoreshwa hamwe nibikoresho bikoreshwa na DC mugihe umutekano kandi byoroshye.

DC IBIKORWA BY'AMATORA

Hano hari ibikoresho byinshi byamashanyarazi DC murugo kuburyo bidashoboka kubitondekanya hano, ariko birashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa.Mbere yibyo, dukeneye kubanza kumva ubwoko bwibikoresho bisaba ingufu za AC nubuhe bwoko bwa DC.Muri rusange, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bifite ingufu nyinshi bisaba voltage ndende kandi bifite moteri iremereye cyane.Ibikoresho nkibi byamashanyarazi bitwarwa na AC, nka firigo, ibyuma bikonjesha bishaje, imashini imesa, ingofero, nibindi.

Hariho kandi ibikoresho bimwe byamashanyarazi bidasaba gutwara ibinyabiziga bifite ingufu nyinshi, kandi imiyoboro ihuriweho neza irashobora gukora gusa mumashanyarazi yo hagati na make, kandi igakoresha amashanyarazi ya DC, nka tereviziyo, mudasobwa, hamwe na majwi.

Nibyo, itandukaniro ryavuzwe haruguru ntabwo ryuzuye.Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho byinshi bifite ingufu nyinshi nabyo birashobora gukoreshwa na DC.Kurugero, DC ihindagurika yumurongo wa konderasi yagaragaye, ukoresheje moteri ya DC hamwe ningaruka nziza zo guceceka no kuzigama ingufu nyinshi.Muri rusange, urufunguzo rwo kumenya niba ibikoresho byamashanyarazi ari AC cyangwa DC biterwa nimiterere yimbere yimbere.

PURUBANZA RUKURIKIRA RW'INZU YOSE DC

Hano haribibazo bimwe by "inzu yose DC" kuva kwisi yose.Birashobora kugaragara ko izi manza ahanini ari karuboni nkeya kandi zangiza ibidukikije, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko imbaraga nyamukuru zitera “inzu yose DC” ikiri igitekerezo cyo kurengera ibidukikije, kandi sisitemu ya DC ifite ubwenge iracyafite inzira ndende. .

Inzu ya Zero Yangiza muri Suwede

Zhongguancun Zone Yerekana Umushinga mushya wo kubaka ingufu

Umushinga mushya wo kubaka ingufu za Zhongguancun ni umushinga wo kwerekana watejwe imbere na guverinoma y'akarere ka Chaoyang ya Beijing, mu Bushinwa, ugamije guteza imbere inyubako z'icyatsi no gukoresha ingufu zishobora kubaho.Muri uyu mushinga, inyubako zimwe zikoresha sisitemu ya DC yose, ihujwe nizuba hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu kugirango tumenye amashanyarazi ya DC.Uku kugerageza kugamije kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije ku nyubako no kuzamura ingufu mu guhuza ingufu nshya n’amashanyarazi ya DC.

Umushinga urambye wo gutura muri Dubai Expo 2020, UAE

Mu imurikagurisha rya 2020 ryabereye i Dubai, imishinga myinshi yerekanaga amazu y’ingufu zirambye akoresheje ingufu zishobora kubaho hamwe na sisitemu ya DC yose.Iyi mishinga igamije kuzamura ingufu zingufu binyuze mubisubizo bishya byingufu.

Ubuyapani DC Microgrid Umushinga Wubushakashatsi

Mu Buyapani, imishinga igerageza ya microgrid yatangiye gukoresha sisitemu ya DC yose.Izi sisitemu zikoreshwa nizuba ryumuyaga n umuyaga, mugihe ushyira ingufu za DC kubikoresho nibikoresho murugo.

Inzu Hub Ingufu

Uyu mushinga, ku bufatanye bwa kaminuza ya banki y’amajyepfo ya Londere na Laboratoire y’igihugu y’Ubwongereza, ugamije kubaka urugo rutagira ingufu.Urugo rukoresha ingufu za DC, zifatanije nizuba ryamafoto yizuba hamwe nububiko bwingufu, kugirango bikoreshe neza.

RISHYIRAHAMWE RY'INGANDA

Tekinoroji yubwenge bwinzu yose yamenyeshejwe mbere.Mubyukuri, ikoranabuhanga rishyigikiwe n’amashyirahamwe amwe n'amwe.Kwishyuza Head Network yabaruye amashyirahamwe ajyanye ninganda.Hano tuzakumenyesha amashyirahamwe ajyanye n'inzu yose DC.

INGARUKA 

FCA

FCA (Ihuriro ryihuse), izina ryigishinwa ni "Guangdong Terminal Fast Charging Industry Association".Ishyirahamwe rya Guangdong Terminal Byihuta Kwishyiriraho Inganda (byitwa Ishyirahamwe ryihuta ryishyuza ryinganda) ryashinzwe mumwaka wa 2021. Ikoranabuhanga ryihuta ryihuta ryumuriro nubushobozi bwingenzi butuma ikoreshwa ryinshi ryibisekuru bishya byinganda zamakuru (harimo 5G nubwenge bwubuhanga ).Mugihe cyiterambere ryisi yose yo kutabogama kwa karubone, kwishyuza byihuse bifasha kugabanya imyanda ya elegitoroniki n’imyanda y’ingufu no kugera ku bidukikije bibisi.n'iterambere rirambye ryinganda, bizana uburambe bwizewe kandi bwizewe bwo kwishyuza miriyoni amagana yabaguzi.

Mu rwego rwo kwihutisha uburinganire n’inganda mu ikoranabuhanga ryihuta ryihuta, Ishuri Rikuru ry’ikoranabuhanga n’itumanaho, Huawei, OPPO, vivo, na Xiaomi ryafashe iya mbere mu gutangiza imbaraga zahuriweho n’impande zose mu ruhererekane rw’inganda zishyurwa byihuse nka imashini zuzuye imbere, chip, ibikoresho, charger, nibindi bikoresho.Imyiteguro izatangira mu ntangiriro za 2021. Ishirwaho ry’iryo shyirahamwe rizafasha kubaka umuryango w’inyungu mu ruhererekane rw’inganda, gushyiraho urufatiro rw’inganda rwo gushushanya ibicuruzwa byihuse, ubushakashatsi n’iterambere, gukora, kugerageza, no gutanga ibyemezo, bizamura iterambere ry’ibanze ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, chip-end yohejuru rusange, ibikoresho byingenzi byibanze nizindi nzego, kandi duharanira kubaka ama-rwego yisi yose Kuaihong inganda zikora inganda zifite akamaro kanini.

FCA iteza imbere cyane cyane UFCS.Izina ryuzuye rya UFCS ni Universal yihuta yo kwishyuza, kandi izina ryigishinwa ni Fusion yihuta yo kwishyuza.Ni igisekuru gishya cyo kwishyuza byihuse byayobowe n’ishuri rikuru ry’ikoranabuhanga n’itumanaho, Huawei, OPPO, vivo, Xiaomi, hamwe n’imbaraga zihuriweho n’amasosiyete menshi, amasosiyete akora chip n’abafatanyabikorwa mu nganda nka Silicon Power, Rockchip, Ikoranabuhanga rya Lihui, na Angbao Electronics.protocole.Amasezerano agamije gushyiraho uburyo bwihuse bwo kwishyuza byihuse kuri terefone igendanwa, gukemura ikibazo cyo kudahuza kwishyurwa ryihuse, no gushyiraho uburyo bwihuse bwihuse, bwizewe kandi buhuza abakoresha amaherezo.

Kugeza ubu, UFCS yakoresheje inama yikizamini cya kabiri cya UFCS, aho "Ikizamini cy’abanyamuryango bubahiriza imikorere mbere yikizamini" na "Ikizamini cya Terminal Manufacturer Compatibility Test" cyarangiye.Binyuze mu kugerageza no kungurana ibitekerezo, duhuza icyarimwe ibitekerezo hamwe nibikorwa, tugamije guca ikibazo cyo kwishyurwa byihuse bidahuye, dufatanyiriza hamwe guteza imbere ubuzima bwiza bwumuriro wihuse, kandi dukorana nabatanga isoko ryiza cyane hamwe nabatanga serivise murwego rwinganda kugirango dufatanye kuzamura iterambere ryihuse ryikoranabuhanga.Iterambere ryinganda za UFCS.

USB-NIBA

Mu 1994, umuryango mpuzamahanga ngenderwaho watangijwe na Intel na Microsoft, witwa "USB-IF" (izina ryuzuye: Ihuriro rya USB Implementers Forum), ni sosiyete idaharanira inyungu yashinzwe nitsinda ryamasosiyete yateje imbere bisi ya Serial Bus.USB-NIBA yashizweho kugirango itange ishyirahamwe hamwe namahuriro yo guteza imbere no gukoresha tekinoroji ya Busi ya Serial.Ihuriro riteza imbere iterambere ryujuje ubuziranenge bwa USB periferique (ibikoresho) kandi riteza imbere inyungu za USB nubwiza bwibicuruzwa byatsinze testi yubahirizang.

Ikoranabuhanga ryatangijwe na USB-NIBA USB kuri ubu ifite verisiyo zitandukanye zubuhanga.Verisiyo yanyuma yubuhanga bwa tekinike ni USB4 2.0.Igipimo ntarengwa cyiki gipimo cya tekinike cyongerewe kugera kuri 80Gbps.Ifata amakuru mashya yububiko, USB PD yihuta yo kwishyuza, USB Type-C Imigaragarire hamwe nuburinganire bwa kabili nabyo bizavugururwa icyarimwe.

WPC

Izina ryuzuye rya WPC ni Wireless Power Consortium, naho izina ryayo ryigishinwa ni “Wireless Power Consortium”.Yashinzwe ku ya 17 Ukuboza 2008. N’umuryango wa mbere ku isi usanzwe uteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryogukoresha amashanyarazi.Kugeza muri Gicurasi 2023, WPC ifite abanyamuryango 315.Abanyamuryango ba Alliance bafatanya nintego imwe: kugirango bagere kubwuzuzanye bwuzuye bwumuriro utagira amashanyarazi hamwe nimbaraga zitagira amashanyarazi kwisi yose.Kugirango bigerweho, bakoze ibisobanuro byinshi kubijyanye na tekinoroji yo kwishyuza byihuse.

Mugihe tekinoroji yo kwishyuza idafite umugozi ikomeje kugenda itera imbere, uburyo bwo kuyikoresha bwagutse kuva mubikoresho byabaguzi bigera ahantu henshi, nka mudasobwa zigendanwa, tableti, drone, robot, interineti y’ibinyabiziga, hamwe n’igikoni gifite ubwenge butagira umugozi.WPC yateje imbere kandi ikomeza urutonde rwibipimo bitandukanye byogukoresha amashanyarazi adafite insinga, harimo:

Qi isanzwe ya terefone zigendanwa nibindi bikoresho bigendanwa.

Igipimo cyigikoni kitagira umugozi, kubikoresho byigikoni, gishyigikira ingufu zumuriro kugeza 2200W.

Ibinyabiziga byoroheje byamashanyarazi (LEV) bituma byihuta, umutekano, ubwenge kandi byoroshye kwishyuza bidasubirwaho ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byoroheje nka e-gare na scooters murugo no kugenda.

Inganda zidafite amashanyarazi zishyirwaho muburyo bworoshye kandi bworoshye bwohereza amashanyarazi kugirango yishyure robot, AGVs, drone nizindi mashini zikoresha inganda.

Ubu ku isoko hari ibicuruzwa birenga 9000 byemewe na Qi byemewe.WPC igenzura umutekano, imikoranire hamwe n’ibikwiye ku bicuruzwa binyuze mu muyoboro wacyo wa laboratoire yigenga yemewe yo kwipimisha ku isi.

GUSHYIKIRANA

CSA

Ihuriro ryubuziranenge (CSA) nishyirahamwe riteza imbere, ryemeza kandi riteza imbere urugo rwubwenge Ibintu byiza.Uwayibanjirije ni Zigbee Alliance yashinzwe mu 2002. Mu Kwakira 2022, umubare w’abanyamuryango ba sosiyete y’ubumwe uzagera ku barenga 200.

CSA itanga ibipimo, ibikoresho nimpamyabushobozi kubashya ba IoT kugirango interineti yibintu irusheho kugerwaho, umutekano kandi ukoreshwa1.Uyu muryango wiyemeje gusobanura no kongera ubumenyi bw’inganda no guteza imbere muri rusange imikorere myiza y’umutekano mu kubara ibicu hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rizakurikiraho.CSA-IoT ihuza ibigo bikomeye ku isi gushiraho no guteza imbere amahame rusange afunguye nka Matter, Zigbee, IP, nibindi, hamwe nibipimo mubice nkumutekano wibicuruzwa, ubuzima bwite bwamakuru, kugenzura ubwenge bworoshye nibindi byinshi.

Zigbee ni ihuriro rya IoT ryatangijwe na CSA Alliance.Ni protocole y'itumanaho idafite umugozi yagenewe Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) hamwe na interineti y'ibintu (IoT).Ifata IEEE 802.15.4 isanzwe, ikorera mumurongo wa 2.4 GHz, kandi yibanda kumikoreshereze mike, imbaraga nke hamwe n'itumanaho rigufi.Yatejwe imbere na CSA Alliance, protocole yakoreshejwe cyane mumazu yubwenge, gukoresha inganda mu nganda, ubuvuzi nizindi nzego.

Imwe mumigambi yo gushushanya ya Zigbee nugushyigikira itumanaho ryizewe hagati yumubare munini wibikoresho mugihe ukomeza gukoresha ingufu nke.Irakwiriye kubikoresho bigomba gukora igihe kirekire kandi bishingiye kumashanyarazi ya batiri, nka sensor node.Porotokole ifite topologiya zitandukanye, zirimo inyenyeri, mesh na cluster igiti, bigatuma ihuza imiyoboro yubunini butandukanye kandi ikenewe.

Ibikoresho bya Zigbee birashobora guhita bikora imiyoboro yo kwishyiriraho gahunda, byoroshye kandi bigahinduka, kandi birashobora guhinduka muburyo bwo guhindura imiterere ya topologiya, nko kongeramo cyangwa kuvanaho ibikoresho.Ibi bituma Zigbee yoroshye kohereza no kubungabunga mubikorwa bifatika.Muri rusange, Zigbee, nkurwego rusanzwe rwitumanaho rwitumanaho rwitumanaho, rutanga igisubizo cyizewe cyo guhuza no kugenzura ibikoresho bitandukanye bya IoT.

Bluetooth SIG

Mu 1996, Ericsson, Nokia, Toshiba, IBM na Intel bateganya gushinga ishyirahamwe ryinganda.Iri shyirahamwe ryari "Bluetooth Technology Alliance", ryitwa "Bluetooth SIG".Bafatanije guteza imbere tekinoroji ngufi ya tekinoroji.Itsinda ryiterambere ryizeye ko ubu buryo bwitumanaho rya Wireless bushobora guhuza no guhuza imirimo mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda nka Bluetooth King.Kubwibyo, iryo koranabuhanga ryiswe Bluetooth.

Bluetooth (tekinoroji ya Bluetooth) ni intera ngufi, itumanaho ridafite ingufu nkeya itumanaho, ibereye guhuza ibikoresho bitandukanye no kohereza amakuru, hamwe no guhuza byoroshye, guhuza ingingo nyinshi nibiranga umutekano wibanze.

Bluetooth (tekinoroji ya Bluetooth) irashobora gutanga imiyoboro idafite ibikoresho kubikoresho murugo kandi nikintu cyingenzi muburyo bwikoranabuhanga ryitumanaho.

ISHYAKA RYA SPARKLINK

Ku ya 22 Nzeri 2020, Ishyirahamwe rya Sparklink ryashinzwe ku mugaragaro.Spark Alliance ni ihuriro ryinganda ziyemeje kwisi yose.Intego yacyo ni uguteza imbere udushya n’ibidukikije mu nganda z’ibisekuru bishya by’ikoranabuhanga rito ry’itumanaho rya interineti SparkLink, no gushyira mu bikorwa byihuse ibintu bishya nk’imodoka zifite ubwenge, amazu meza, amatumanaho meza n’inganda zikoresha ubwenge, kandi bikemura ibikenewe. y'ibisabwa bikabije.Kugeza ubu, ishyirahamwe rifite abanyamuryango barenga 140.

Tekinoroji itumanaho rya interineti itagabanijwe yatejwe imbere na Sparklink Association yitwa SparkLink, naho izina ryayo ryigishinwa ni Star Flash.Ibiranga tekinike ni ultra-low latence na ultra-high kwizerwa.Kwishingikiriza kuri ultra-ngufi yimiterere, Polar codec hamwe nuburyo bwo gusubiza HARQ.SparkLink irashobora kugera ku bukererwe bwa 20.833 microseconds kandi kwizerwa kwa 99,999%.

WI-FNIFATANYIJE

Ihuriro rya Wi-Fi ni umuryango mpuzamahanga ugizwe n’amasosiyete menshi y’ikoranabuhanga yiyemeje guteza imbere no guteza imbere iterambere, guhanga udushya no guhuza ikoranabuhanga ry’itumanaho ridafite insinga.Uyu muryango washinzwe mu 1999. Intego nyamukuru yawo ni ukureba ko ibikoresho bya Wi-Fi byakozwe n’abakora inganda zitandukanye bihuza, bityo bigateza imbere no gukoresha imiyoboro idafite insinga.

Ikoranabuhanga rya Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) ni tekinoroji itezwa imbere cyane na Wi-Fi Alliance.Nka tekinoroji ya LAN idafite umugozi, ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza amakuru no gutumanaho hagati yibikoresho bya elegitoronike binyuze mu bimenyetso bidafite umugozi.Iremera ibikoresho (nka mudasobwa, telefone zigendanwa, tableti, ibikoresho byo mu rugo byubwenge, nibindi) guhanahana amakuru mugihe gito bitabaye ngombwa ko uhuza umubiri.

Ikoranabuhanga rya Wi-Fi rikoresha umurongo wa radiyo kugirango uhuze ibikoresho.Iyi miterere idafite umugozi ikuraho ibikenewe byihuza ryumubiri, ryemerera ibikoresho kugenda mubwisanzure mugihe gikomeza umurongo.Ikoranabuhanga rya Wi-Fi rikoresha imirongo itandukanye yohereza amakuru.Bande zikoreshwa cyane zirimo 2.4GHz na 5GHz.Imirongo yumurongo igabanijwemo imiyoboro myinshi ibikoresho bishobora kuvugana.

Umuvuduko wa tekinoroji ya Wi-Fi biterwa na bande isanzwe na frequency.Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga, umuvuduko wa Wi-Fi wagiye wiyongera buhoro buhoro kuva mu magana ya mbere ya Kbps (kilobits ku isegonda) kugeza kuri Gbps nyinshi (gigabits ku isegonda).Ibipimo bitandukanye bya Wi-Fi (nka 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, nibindi) bishyigikira igipimo ntarengwa cyo kohereza.Byongeye kandi, kohereza amakuru birinzwe binyuze muri encryption na protocole yumutekano.Muri byo, WPA2 (Wi-Fi Irinzwe Kwinjira 2) na WPA3 ni amahame asanzwe akoreshwa mu kurinda imiyoboro ya Wi-Fi kutinjira no kwiba amakuru.

STANDARDIZATION NA KODE ZUBAKA

Inzitizi ikomeye mu iterambere rya sisitemu ya DC yose ni ukubura ibipimo ngenderwaho bihamye ku isi hamwe na code yo kubaka.Sisitemu yo kubaka amashanyarazi gakondo ikora muburyo bwo guhinduranya amashanyarazi, bityo inzu yose ya DC ikenera urwego rushya rwibipimo mugushushanya, kwishyiriraho no gukora.

Kubura ubuziranenge birashobora gutuma habaho kudahuza hagati ya sisitemu zitandukanye, kongera ubunini bwo guhitamo ibikoresho no kubisimbuza, kandi birashobora no kubangamira igipimo cy’isoko no kumenyekana.Kubura guhuza n'imiterere yinyubako nabyo ni ingorabahizi, kuko inganda zubaka akenshi zishingiye kubishushanyo mbonera bya AC.Kubwibyo, kumenyekanisha inzu yose ya DC sisitemu birashobora gusaba guhinduka no gusobanura kodegisi zubaka, bizatwara igihe n'imbaraga hamwe.

EAMAFARANGA AKURIKIRA N'UBWOROZI BWA TEKINOLOGIYA

Kohereza inzu ya DC yose irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibiciro byambere, harimo ibikoresho byinshi bya DC bigezweho, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri, hamwe nibikoresho bya DC.Ibi biciro byinyongera birashobora kuba imwe mumpamvu zituma abaguzi benshi nabateza imbere inyubako batinya gukoresha sisitemu ya DC yose.

Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho gakondo bya AC nibikorwa remezo birakuze kandi birakwirakwira kuburyo guhindukira muri sisitemu ya DC yose bisaba ko hahindurwa ikoranabuhanga rinini, ririmo guhindura imiterere y'amashanyarazi, gusimbuza ibikoresho, n'abakozi bahugura.Ihinduka rishobora gushiraho ishoramari ninyongera kumurimo ku nyubako n'ibikorwa remezo bihari, bikagabanya igipimo uburyo sisitemu zose DC zishobora gutangizwa.

DKUBONA BIKORWA N'ISOKO RY'ISOKO

Sisitemu ya DC yose igomba gukenera guhuza nibikoresho byinshi kumasoko kugirango ibikoresho bitandukanye, amatara nibindi bikoresho murugo bishobora kugenda neza.Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho byinshi ku isoko biracyafite AC, kandi kuzamura sisitemu ya DC yose bisaba ubufatanye nababikora nabatanga ibicuruzwa kugirango bateze imbere ibikoresho byinshi bihuza DC byinjira kumasoko.

Harakenewe kandi gukorana nabatanga ingufu hamwe numuyoboro wamashanyarazi kugirango habeho guhuza neza ingufu zishobora kubaho no guhuza imiyoboro gakondo.Ibibazo byo guhuza ibikoresho no kubona isoko birashobora kugira ingaruka kumikoreshereze yimikorere ya sisitemu ya DC yose, bisaba ubwumvikane nubufatanye murwego rwinganda.

SISHYAKA KANDI RIKOMEJE

Imwe mu nzira ziterambere zizaza za sisitemu ya DC yose ni ugushimangira cyane ubwenge no kuramba.Muguhuza sisitemu yo kugenzura ubwenge, sisitemu ya DC yose irashobora kugenzura neza no gucunga imikoreshereze yingufu, bigafasha ingamba zo gucunga ingufu zihariye.Ibi bivuze ko sisitemu ishobora guhinduka cyane mubisabwa murugo, ibiciro byamashanyarazi no kuboneka kwingufu zishobora kongera ingufu no kugabanya ibiciro byingufu.

Muri icyo gihe, icyerekezo cyiterambere kirambye cya sisitemu ya DC yose ikubiyemo guhuza ingufu nini zishobora kongera ingufu, harimo ingufu zizuba, ingufu zumuyaga, nibindi, hamwe nubuhanga bukoreshwa neza bwo kubika ingufu.Ibi bizafasha kubaka icyatsi kibisi, gifite ubwenge kandi kirambye kandi kirambye kandi gitezimbere iterambere ryimirije ya sisitemu ya DC yose.

STANDARDIZATION N'UBUFATANYABIKORWA

Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ikoreshwa ryinshi rya sisitemu ya DC yose, ikindi cyerekezo cyiterambere ni ugushimangira ubufatanye nubufatanye bwinganda.Gushiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho bihuriweho nisi yose birashobora kugabanya igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu nogushyira mubikorwa, kunoza ibikoresho, bityo bigatuma isoko ryaguka.

Byongeye kandi, ubufatanye mu nganda nabwo ni ikintu cyingenzi mu guteza imbere iterambere rya sisitemu ya DC yose.Abitabiriye impande zose, barimo abubatsi, abashinzwe amashanyarazi, abakora ibikoresho nabatanga ingufu, bakeneye gufatanya kugirango urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rwuzuye.Ibi bifasha gukemura ibyuma bihuza, kunoza sisitemu ihamye, no gutwara udushya twikoranabuhanga.Binyuze mu bufatanye n’ubufatanye mu nganda, sisitemu ya DC yose iteganijwe kwinjizwa neza mu nyubako rusange na sisitemu y’amashanyarazi no kugera ku bikorwa byinshi.

SUMMARY

Inzu yose DC ni uburyo bushya bwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, bitandukanye na sisitemu ya AC gakondo, ikoresha ingufu za DC ku nyubako yose, ikubiyemo ibintu byose kuva kumurika kugeza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.Sisitemu ya DC yose itanga inyungu zidasanzwe kurenza sisitemu gakondo mubijyanye no gukoresha ingufu, guhuza ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, hamwe nibikoresho bihuza.Ubwa mbere, mugabanya intambwe zigira uruhare muguhindura ingufu, sisitemu ya DC yose irashobora kunoza ingufu no kugabanya imyanda yingufu.Icya kabiri, ingufu za DC ziroroshye guhuza nibikoresho byingufu zishobora kongera ingufu nkizuba, bitanga igisubizo kirambye cyinyubako.Mubyongeyeho, kubikoresho byinshi bya DC, gukoresha sisitemu ya DC yose birashobora kugabanya igihombo cyo guhindura ingufu no kongera imikorere nubuzima bwibikoresho.

Ahantu hashobora gukoreshwa muri sisitemu ya DC yose ikubiyemo imirima myinshi, harimo inyubako zo guturamo, inyubako zubucuruzi, imishinga yinganda, sisitemu yingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, gutwara amashanyarazi, nibindi. , kuzamura ingufu murugo.Mu nyubako z'ubucuruzi, amashanyarazi ya DC kubikoresho byo mu biro hamwe na sisitemu yo kumurika bifasha kugabanya gukoresha ingufu.Mu rwego rwinganda, sisitemu ya DC yose irashobora kuzamura ingufu zibikoresho byumurongo.Muri sisitemu yingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, sisitemu ya DC yose murugo byoroshye guhuza nibikoresho nkingufu zizuba n umuyaga.Mu rwego rwo gutwara amashanyarazi, sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ya DC irashobora gukoreshwa mu kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi kugirango bongere imikorere yumuriro.Gukomeza kwagura uturere dusaba byerekana ko sisitemu ya DC yose izahinduka uburyo bwiza kandi bunoze mukubaka no gukoresha amashanyarazi mugihe kizaza.

For more information, pls. contact “maria.tian@keliyuanpower.com”.