Ivugurura ry’Uburinzi bw’Ubwinshi bwa UL 1449: Ibisabwa bishya mu isuzuma ku bidukikije bitose

Menya ibijyanye n'ivugurura ry'ibipimo ngenderwaho bya UL 1449 Surge Protective Devices (SPDs), wongeraho ibisabwa mu isuzuma ku bicuruzwa biri ahantu hakonje, cyane cyane hakoreshejwe ibizamini by'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe buhoraho. Menya icyo icyuma gikingira ubushuhe ari cyo, n'icyo ikirere gitose ari cyo.

Ibikoresho birinda ubushyuhe (Ibikoresho birinda ubushyuhe, SPDs) byakunze gufatwa nk'uburinzi bw'ingenzi ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga. Bishobora gukumira ihindagurika ry'ingufu n'amashanyarazi, kugira ngo ibikoresho birinda bitazangirika bitewe n'ihindagurika ry'ingufu ritunguranye. Ibikoresho birinda ubushyuhe bishobora kuba igikoresho cyuzuye cyakozwe ukwacyo, cyangwa gishobora gutegurwa nk'igice gishyirwa mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi by'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi.

Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ibikoresho byo kurinda impanuka bikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, ariko buri gihe biba ingenzi cyane iyo bigeze ku mikorere y'umutekano. Amahame ngenderwaho ya UL 1449 ni itegeko risanzwe abakora muri iki gihe bamenyereye iyo basaba uburenganzira bwo kwinjira ku isoko.

Bitewe n’uburyo ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bigenda birushaho gukomera no gukoreshwa mu nganda nyinshi, nka za LED, gari ya moshi, 5G, photovoltaics n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga by’imodoka, ikoreshwa n’iterambere ry’ibikoresho birinda umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi riri kwiyongera cyane, kandi birumvikana ko amahame y’inganda agomba kugendana n’igihe no guhora avugururwa.

Ibisobanuro by'ibidukikije bitose

Byaba ari NFPA 70 y'Ishyirahamwe ry'Igihugu rishinzwe Kurinda Inkongi z'Umuriro (NFPA) cyangwa Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Amashanyarazi (NEC), "ahantu hatose" hasobanuwe neza ku buryo bukurikira:

Ahantu harinzwe n'ikirere kandi ntabwo hashobora kuzura amazi cyangwa ibindi bintu binyobwa ahubwo hashobora kugabanukaho ubushuhe buri hagati.

By’umwihariko, amahema, amabaraza afunguye, n’amazu yo munsi y’ubutaka cyangwa ububiko bukonjeshwa, n’ibindi, ni ahantu “hashobora kuba hari ubushuhe buringaniye” muri kode.

Iyo icyuma kirinda umuvuduko (nk'imashini irinda umuvuduko) gishyizwe mu gicuruzwa cya nyuma, birashoboka cyane ko icyo gicuruzwa cya nyuma gishyizwe cyangwa gikoreshwa ahantu hari ubushuhe butandukanye, kandi bigomba kuzirikanwa ko muri ubwo buryo bushyushye, igikoresho kirinda umuvuduko niba gishobora kuzuza amahame y'umutekano mu bidukikije muri rusange.

Ibisabwa mu isuzuma ry'imikorere y'ibicuruzwa mu bidukikije bifite ubushuhe

Amahame menshi asaba ko ibicuruzwa bigomba gutsinda ibizamini byinshi byo kwemeza imikorere yabyo mu gihe cy’ubuzima bw’ibicuruzwa, nk’ubushyuhe bwinshi n’ubushuhe bwinshi, gushyuha cyane, guhindagura no kugwa kw’ibipimo. Ku bizamini birimo ahantu hameze nk’ubushuhe, ibizamini by’ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe bizakoreshwa nk’isuzuma nyamukuru, cyane cyane ubushyuhe bwa 85°C/ubushuhe bwa 85% (buzwi nka "ikizamini cya 85 kabiri") n’ubushyuhe bwa 40°C/ubushuhe bwa 93% Uruvange rw’ibi bipimo bibiri.

Ikizamini cy’ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe gihoraho kigamije kwihutisha ubuzima bw’ibicuruzwa binyuze mu buryo bw’igerageza. Kishobora gusuzuma neza ubushobozi bw’ibicuruzwa mu kurwanya gusaza, harimo no kureba niba ibicuruzwa bifite imiterere yo kuramba no gutakaza bike mu bidukikije byihariye.

Twakoze ubushakashatsi ku nganda, kandi ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bigaragaza ko umubare munini w’inganda zikora ibikoresho bya terminal zikora ibisabwa mu gusuzuma ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe bw’ibikoresho birinda umuvuduko n’ibice bikoreshwa imbere, ariko ibipimo ngenderwaho bya UL 1449 icyo gihe nta bipimo bihuye nabyo byari bifite. Bityo, uruganda rugomba gukora ibizamini by’inyongera ubwarwo nyuma yo kubona icyemezo cya UL 1449; kandi niba hakenewe raporo y’icyitegererezo cy’uruhande rwa gatatu, ubushobozi bwo gukora bwavuzwe haruguru buzagabanuka. Byongeye kandi, iyo ibicuruzwa bya terminal bisabye icyemezo cya UL, bizahura n’ikibazo cy’uko raporo y’icyitegererezo cy’ibice byakoreshejwe imbere mu kirere bidashyirwa mu kizamini cyo gukoresha ahantu hatose, kandi hakenewe isuzuma ryinyongera.

Dusobanukiwe ibyo abakiriya bakeneye kandi twiyemeje gufasha abakiriya gukemura ibibazo bahura nabyo mu mikorere yabo. UL yatangije gahunda isanzwe yo kuvugurura 1449.

Ibisabwa by'ibizamini bihuye byongewe ku gipimo ngenderwaho

Amahame ngenderwaho ya UL 1449 aherutse kongeramo ibisabwa mu gupima ibicuruzwa biri ahantu hatose. Abakora bashobora guhitamo kongeramo iki kizamini gishya mu gikoresho cyo gupima mu gihe basaba icyemezo cya UL.

Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ikizamini cyo gukoresha ibidukikije bitose ahanini gikoresha ikizamini cy’ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe buhoraho. Ibi bikurikira bigaragaza uburyo bwo gukora ikizamini kugira ngo harebwe niba Varistor (MOV) / Gas Discharge Tube (GDT) ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu bidukikije bitose:

Ingero z'ibizamini zizabanza gupimwa imyaka mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubukonje bwinshi mu gihe cy'amasaha 1000, hanyuma hakagereranywa voltage ya varistor ya varistor cyangwa voltage yo kwangirika kw'umuyoboro wa gaze kugira ngo byemezwe niba ibice birinda umuvuduko bishobora kumara igihe kirekire. Mu bidukikije bitose, biracyakomeza gukora neza mu buryo bwabyo bwo kwirinda.